Collection (of paper and board) - Separate collection of paper and paper productss from industrial and commercial outlets, from household and offices for ->Recovery (Collection includes transport to the sorting/processing or recycling plant/paper mill).

Consumer - Industrial, commercial or private end-user.

Consumption (apparent) - Internal deliveries into the defined countries (see 1.2 of the European Declaration) plus imports from countries outside this coverage.

Converter - Processor of paper or board as a raw material (such as packaging, printing).

Deinkability - Removal of ink and/or toner from a printed product to a high extent by means of a deinking process. This shall restore as good as possible the optical properties of the unprinted product.

Distribution (of paper & board) - Wholesale and retail trade of paper and board material (such as packaging, printing).

Final disposal - Definitive deposit of waste to landfill or incineration without energy recovery.

Manufacturer - Producer of paper and/or board.

Packer/filler - User of packaging material to put a product into marketable units

Paper - Term used to cover all grades of paper and board.

Paper product - General term used to cover all paper and board-based converted products.

Paper value chain - All parties, linked directly or indirectly, from paper and board manufacturing to the collector/merchant of used paper and board products.

Printer - Manufacturer of printed products using paper or board as printing surface (-> Converter).

Publisher - One who publishes (owns and brings to the market) products which are printed on paper.

Recovered Paper (RP) - Used paper and board separately collected and in general processed according to the European Standard List of Recovered Paper and Board Grades - EN643.

Recovery - Principle of waste management policy including re-use, material recycling, composting and energy recovery The Directive 75/442/EEC on Waste refers to extraction of secondary raw materials as a recovery operation, but as secondary raw materials have never been defined, this has had no meaning. CEPI and ERPA have proposed to the European Commission a set of criteria that would define a secondary raw material called recovered paper Industry considers the extraction of secondary raw materials as a recovery operation too, hence the name recovered paper.

Recyclability - Design, manufacturing and converting of paper based products in such a way as to enable a hich quality recycling of fibres and other materials in a manufacturing process in compliance - where appropriate - with current standards in the Community.

Recycling - Reprocessing of RP in a production process into new paper and board.

Recycling Rate - The ratio between RP utilised for -> Recycling including RP net trade, and paper and board consumption

RP collector - One who separately collects used paper and board; he may also have processing (sorting, handling) transport or trade activities.

RP merchant - One who primarily buys, processes and sells RP; he may be actively involved in its collection.

RP trader - One who buys and sells RP without any operational collection or processing activity.

Waste - Any substance or object which holder discards or intends or is required to discard.

Note: Paper and board products, once they have been collected and processed for further recycling, become a valuable secondary raw material and should no longer be considered as waste, according to the paper industry and the RP collectors, merchants and traders.